The author attempts to express the theoretical discourse about art, especially for the Italian Renaissance painting (even for a period spanning from the early 14th to the end of 16th century), relying on a huge number of sources of the time. Her study, enriched with extensive quotations translated for the first time into Greek, illuminates the oeuvre of the well-known and the lesser-known creators, its perception, the structure and evolution of art discourse, as well as the extremely dynamic historical period of Renaissance.